A Stroll down of Cuban Music

 A Stroll Down of Cuban Music

Music History & Heritage

The genre started back in the 16th century, Cuban music includes many instruments, performances, and dance composers influence by west African and European music. According to Wikipedia, "Since the 19th century Cuban music has been hugely popular and influential throughout the world. It has been perhaps the most popular form of regional music since the introduction of recording technology. Cuban music has contributed to the development of a wide variety of genre and musical styles around the globe, most notably in Latin America, the Caribbean, West Africa and Europe. Examples include rhumba, Afro-Cuban jazz, salsa, soukous, many West African re-adaptations of Afro-Cuban music (Orchestra Baobab, Africando), Spanish fusion genres (notably with flamenco), and a wide variety of genres in Latin America."

The music heritage in the Caribbean island of Cuba is rich. Due to the rich diversity of its people, the mixture of indigenous people, Spanish settlers, and African Slaves that were transported across the Atlantic gives a unique voice around the world.  There is much different Cuban music, but the majority of the music that is used is Clave. 


'Chan Chan' | Los Jubilados del Caribe | Santiago de Cuba



Instruments of Cuban Music

According to Liberty Park Music, "Cuban instrumentation is characterized by its African and Spanish migrations. Both sets of migrants brought instruments that were common in their countries of origin; the percussion section is mostly made up of instruments of African origin, while the pitched instruments are of Spanish origin."

Firstly, below is how Liberty Parks Music described the African Instruments. 

African Instruments

Congas

Congas - deep hand drums similar in size to the djembe, but with a much more “round” and not as ringing-tone.

Bongos

Bongos - Small pair of 10-inch hand drums that are connected to a piece of wood. Almost as similar to Congas, the bongo player gives a low pitch cowbell and plays a section of the song. 



Shekere

Shekere - A large hallowed gourd covered in beads that are shaken to create a deep, low pitch shaker sound. 


Güiro

Güiro - a smaller hollowed out gourd with grooves along its edge. The güiro player scrapes the guiro with a small stick.

Claves - a pair of small thick wooden sticks that are struck together to produce a clear, piercing tone that needs to be heard by the rest of the band.

Catá - a piece of hollowed out tree that’s struck with sticks to produce a soft woody clicking sound. 

Bells - cowbells of varying sizes. Different sized bells are used in different styles of music. In chachachá, for example, the cowbell is small and has a very high pitch, whereas in abakua, the cowbell used (called “ekon”) is larger and lower pitched.

Batá
Batá - double sided hand drums played in rumba music. The batá are considered deeply spiritual and are usually only played by people deemed worthy amongst the santería (Afro-Cuban religion).




Spanish Instruments


Timbales

Secondly, the instruments below are how Liberty Park Music describes the Spanish instruments that are added to Cuban Music. 

Timbales - perhaps the only Cuban percussion instrument that doesn’t have a direct link to Africa. Timbales are a pair of metal (usually steel or brass) single headed drums that have a high pitched cutting tone and are played with long, thin wooden sticks. Like the bongos, the timbales consist of a macho and an hembra drum. The timbalero (timbales player) most commonly plays the shell of the drum and usually plays the drum heads during fills or solos.

 Guitar - 6 stringed instrument common in Spain. Spanish guitars use a combination of steel and nylon strings, unlike modern acoustic guitars which usually use steel strings.

 Tres - a 3 stringed guitar-like instrument common in son music. The tres player plays a pattern called a montuno, a syncopated melodic phrase that outlines both the clave and the harmonic structure of the piece.

Trumpet - a brass instrument common in European musical styles. 5. Trombone - another common European brass instrument.

Double bass - a common European stringed instrument. In Cuban music, the bassist plays a pattern called a tumbao, which anticipates the harmony of the following bar by playing on beat 4, the beat before the chord change.

Piano - in more modern Cuban music, the piano takes a similar role to the tres by playing montunos.




Clave

Lastly, according to Liberty Park Music, Clave is another instrument described as "First we’ll discuss the clave as a physical instrument. As mentioned above, claves are short, thick wooden sticks that are struck together to produce a sharp, piercing sound that penetrates the rest of the band."



Music Element and Personal Opinion


Represent Cuba - Dirty Dancing Havana Nights

The Music Element for "Represent Cuba" is one of my favorite songs after I watched "Dirty Dancing: Havana Nights". The song is rich with Cuban music that can be easily danced to. The Beat of the song is steady, not too fast or slow throughout the song. The song has a mix of English and Spanish that is sung through the song. With the music instruments described above, if I hear them correctly the bango, Guiro and Timbales are played.

In my personal opinion, Cuban Music one of my many favorite genres is international music. The texture of the music has so many instruments playing at the same time with a decent beat. I enjoyed writing up this blog since it had so many instruments being part of the music, and how the lyrics are spot on played in the music.


In a conclusion, I do hope you enjoyed reading this blog about Cuban Music. If I missed anything, please feel free to comment below. 



Work Cited

Bache, Brendan, et al. “A Guide To Cuban Music: Instrumentation and Clave.” Liberty Park Music, 13 Mar. 2018, www.libertyparkmusic.com/cuban-music-instrument-clave/.   

 “Music of Cuba.” Wikipedia, Wikimedia Foundation, 27 Oct. 2020, en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Music_of_Cuba







Comments

  1. First off, I had no idea the amount of instruments Cuban music has to deal with! It seems like there's almost a symphony of instruments, even with a lot of the being similar in sound or usage. I do agree with you that Cuban music has a very nice rythmn, great for dancing. I would've liked a little bit more on the background of the actual music itself and how it plays into society, but overall very informative!

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  2. I also enjoy Cuban music and one of the reasons is because you can dance to it. I really enjoyed reading about all the different kinds of instruments used in Cuban music and it something I have never really thought about before. It was also a really nice touch to be able to have pictures to along with the different instruments.

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  3. There are so many instruments involved in Cuban music! My grandpa owned some bongos as well as a shekere, which I didn't know at the time was the name of it. I would have liked to learn more about they genres of Cuban music. I do agree, the amount of instruments played throughout cuban songs makes it very enjoyable!
    Ilich, T. (n.d.). What Is the Origin of Cuban Music? Retrieved November 02, 2020, from https://www.liveabout.com/the-history-of-cuban-music-2141525 Here is a wonderful article that gives a little more history of Cuban music and the genres.

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